An Asian Journal of Soil Science

H. L. Sakarvadia ¹, B. A. Golakiya ¹, K. B. Parmar ¹, K. B. Polara ¹, P. I. Jetpara ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted on pearlmillet var. GHB-526 in medium black calcareous soils (Vertic Ustocrepts) using fertility gradient approach and fertilizer prescription equation were calculated. The results of follow up trials conducted at different location showed that the economics of fertilizer use based on soil test for achieving maximum yield indicated an additional benefit over general recommended dose at tested grain yield targets of 24, 30 and 36 q ha^-1. The income/cost ratios of the additional produce obtained over recommended dose were 16.79, 4.21 and 3.34 for pearlmillet grain yield at targets of 24, 30 and 36 q ha^-1, respectively.

Keywords

Nitrogen, Potassium, Pearlmillet, Yield, Yield Target.

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H. L. Sakarvadia ¹, B. A. Golakiya ¹, K. B. Parmar ¹, K. B. Polara ¹, P. I. Jetpara ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN

Abstract

The field experiment was conducted on medium black calcareous soils of the Instructional Farm College of Agriculture, JAU, Junagadh during summer season. The results revealed that the significantly higher grain and stover yields, yield attributes as well as quality parameters were obtained with application of N @ 120 kg ha^-1 and K @ 120 kg ha^-1. The grain yield of summer pearlmillet increased to the tune of 49.06 and 37.27 per cent with application of 160 kg N ha^-1 and 120 K₂O ha^-1 as compared to control, respectively. The grain (3536 kg ha^-1) and stover (6793 kg ha^-1) yield of pearlmillet were obtained significantly higher under combined application of N₁₆₀ K₈₀ over control i.e. N₀K₀.

Keywords

Nitrogen, Potassium, Pearlmillet, Yield, Yield Attributes.

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J. N. Naria ¹, J. V. Polara ², A. V. Rajani ², B. A. Golakiya ²

Affiliations
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Junagadhh Agricultural University, Jamnagar (Gujarat), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN

Abstract

Surfaces soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected to study the dynamics of Mn fractions in the selective treatments of the LTFE’s conducted on groundnut-wheat-fodder sorghum at Instructional Farm, Junagadh Agricultural U1,iversity, Junagadh, during the year 1979-80 (1st year), 1989-90 (10th year) and 1999-2000 (20th year) after completion of crop cycle. The selected treatments were T₁-Control, T₂-FYM @ 25t/ha at an interval of 3 years, T₃-1/2 RD of NP, T₄-1/2 RD of NP + K, T₅-RD of NP and T₆-RD of NP+K to respective crops. The water soluble Mn was found very trace. Exchangeable form of Mn differs significantly only at 1st year and after 20lh year only. Remarkable decreased in exchangeable form of Mn was noticed in treatments without application of chemical fertilizers after 20th year. The control and FYM application recorded the highest values of DTPA-Mn at 1st and 20th year, and it was recorded highest (7.241 ppm) at 10th year in treatment T₆. Overall increase in reducible form of Mn was found, but it was non significant when pooled over year. Overall mean registered an increase in total Mn content on the long run basis. After 20th year residual Mn decline in T₁ whereas in other treatments. it was declined at 10lh and increased at 20th year. Per cent available of Mn increased up to 10lh year and then it was decreased. There was overall increase in total available form of Mn after a long run.

Keywords

Mn Fraction, Water Soluble-Mn, Exchangeable-Mn, DTPA-Mn, Total Available-Mn, LTFE’S Soil.

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J. V. Polara ¹, J. N. Naria ², A. V. Rajani ¹, B. A. Golakiya ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
2 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Junagadhh Agricultural University, Jamnagar (Gujarat), IN

Abstract

The dynamics of Fe fractions in the selective treatments were studied by collecting the surface soil samples (0-15 cm) from the LTFE’s conducted on groundnut-wheat-fodder sorghum at instructional farm, Junagadh Agril. University, Junagadh during the year 1979-80 (1st year), 1989-90 (10th year) and 1999-2000 (20th year) after completion of crop cycle. The selected treatments were T₁-Control, T₂-FYM @ 25 t/ha at an interval of 3 years, T₃-½ RD of NP, T₄-1/2 RD of NP+K, T₅-RD of NP and T₆-RD of NP+K to respective crops. On a long run, after 20th year the values of water soluble-Fe were recorded highest in T₂ (0.722 ppm) and T₁ (0.504 ppm) and the lowest in T₅ (0.082 ppm) and T₃ (0.130 ppm). The significantly highest exchangeable-Fe was recorded in T₅ (2.084 ppm), at 10th year. The DTPA available and reducible Fe was found significantly higher under T₁ and T₂, while application of fertilizer registered mostly a decline in long term at 20th year. The total and residual-Fe content did not showed any significant differences either through treatment or through years. The percentage availability and available total-Fe were not affected significantly in pooled years, but Y x T interaction was found significant and in the initial years T₅ and T₆, while in the 20th years T₁ and T₂ recorded the highest values.

Keywords

LTFE’s Soil, Fe Fraction, Water Soluble-Fe, Exchangeable-Fe, DTPA Available-Fe, Total-Fe, Per cent Available-Fe.

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A. V. Rajani ¹, J. N. Naria ², J. V. Polara ¹, B. A. Golakiya ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
2 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Junagadhh Agricultural University, Jamnagar (Gujarat), IN

Abstract

The dynamics of Cu fractions in the selective treatments were studied by collecting the surface soil samples (0-15 cm) from the L TFE’s conducted on groundnut-wheat-fodder sorghum at Instructional Farm, Junagadh Agril.University, Junagadh during the year 1979-80 (15t year), 1989-90 (10th year) and 1999-2000 (20th year) after completion of crop cycle. The selected treatments were T₁-Control, T₂-FYM @ 25 t/ha at an interval of 3 years, T₃-½ RD of NP, T₄-1/2 RD of NP+K, T_5-RD of NP and T₆-RD of NP+K to respective crops. The water soluble-Cu varied significantly in pooled results and the highest values were recorded in T₅ (0.119 ppm) followed by T₄ (0.115 ppm). Exchangeable form of Cu did not differ significantly during individual years and in pooled results. The RD of fertilizers + potassium (T₆) recorded the highest value of DTP A-Cu at initial and 10th year and triggering utilization in long run rendering lower value at 20th year. Reducible-Cu was not affected significantly in pooled results, but untreated control (T₁) recorded the highest value (0.269 ppm) at 20th year. Total and residual form of Cu content remain unaffected by different treatments during individual years and in pooled results, however, there was distinct numerical reduction in total and residual form of Cu over the year. Application of fertilizers enhanced utilization of available total-Cu, while conversion of total to available form and under utilization in T₁ (1.907 ppm) and T₂ (1.947 ppm) resulted in higher values after 20th year. The per cent availability of Cu content increased from initial to 20th year crop cycles in untreated control (T₁) and FYM (T₂) treatments.

Keywords

LTFE’s Soil, Cu Fraction, Water Soluble-Cu, Exchangeable-Cu, DTPA Available-Cu, Total-Cu, Per cent Available-Cu.

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J. N. Naria ¹, B. A. Golakiya ², J. V. Polara ², A. V. Rajani ²

Affiliations
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Junagadhh Agricultural University, Jamnagar (Gujarat), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN

Abstract

Surfaces soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected to study the dynamics of Zn fractions in the selective treatments of the LTFE’s codducted on groundnut-wheat-fodder sorghum at Instructional Farm, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during the year 1979-80 (15t year), 1989-90 (10th year) and 1999-2000 (20th year) after completion of crop cycle. The selected treatments were T₁-Control, T₁-FYM @ 25t/ha at an interval of 3 years, T₃-1/2 RD of NP, T₄-1/2 RD of NP + K, T₅-RD of NP and T₆-RD of NP+K to respective crops. The water soluble Zn was present in negligible quantity. Exchangeable forms of Zn differed significantly only at 20th year and also in pooled over years. Potassium enhanced the utilization of exchangeable form of Zn. The RD of fertilizers recorded the highest value of DTP A-Zn at initial and 10th year and triggering utilization in long run thereby rendering differences non significant at 20th year. Total Zn content did not differ significantly, while residual form of Zn was found significantly highest in T₃ (38.171 ppm). The total available-Zn and Zn-per cent availability were not influenced significantly by different treatments in pooled results, but Y x T interactions were found significant and the highest values were recorded in T₁-(3.648 ppm) and T₂ (3.559 ppm), respectively after 20th year crop cycle.

Keywords

LTFEE’S Soil, Zn Fractions, Water Soluble-Zn, Exchangeable-Zn, DTPA-Zn, Total Available-Zn, Per cent Available-Zn.

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A. V. Rajani ¹, B. M. Butani ¹, H. K. Shobhana ², J. N. Naria ³, B. A. Golakiya ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
2 Department of Bio Chemistry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
3 Cotton Research Centre, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN

Abstract

The application of FYM also maintained or increased potassium status of LTFE soils. In treatments of FYM (T₈ and T₉), the status of potassium fractions increased. There was overall decrease in available-K₂O status of LTFE soils after 8 year, except in treatments which received FYM (T₈ and T₉), where K₂O status of soil increased as compared to initial status. Water soluble-K also decreased in LTFE soil after a span of 8 years, except in treatments which received FYM (T₈ and T₉). Same results were also recorded in case of exchangeable-K, HNO₃ soluble-K, reserve-K and total-K, here also approved that for maintaining K fertility of soil at long run, it is essential to add organic fertilizer with inorganic ones for maintaining available potassium level in soil, application of organic manure is essential. In fact, all fractions of potassium decreased after a long run in intensive cropping of LTFE soils without addition of FYM. So it is alarming us to use organic fertilizer with inorganic one for maintaining K fertility status of soil in long run. At initial stage of experiment (1^st year) available-K₂O status of LTFE soils showed high category (> 280 Kg K₂O ha^-1), but after long run (8^th year) it decreased to medium category (140-280 Kg K₂O ha^-1), except in treatment of FYM application (T₈ and T₉), where increment in K₂O level was found rather than its depletion. Further it was established that, FYM is essential for maintaining soil fertility at long run. Similar results were also recorded in case of all other fractions of potassium.

Keywords

Potassium Fractions, AICRP-LTFE Soils, Total Potassium, Available Potassium, Nitric Acid Soluble Potassium (1N HNO₃ Soluble K), Exchangeable Potassium, Reserve Potassium, Total Potassium.

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A. V. Rajani ¹, D. V. Patil ², H. K. Shobhana ³, J. N. Naria ⁴, B. A. Golakiya ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Statistics, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
3 Department of Bio Chemistry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
4 Cotton Research Centre, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN

Abstract

Available status of P in LTFE soils was decreased after long run, but that was also increased in treatments where FYM application was there i. e. T₈ and T₉. There was overall increase in inorganic-P and total-P status, but status of available-P decreased due to calcareous soil, but due to chelating effect of organic material in treatments T₈ and T₉ there was increase in the availability of phosphorus after long run in the LTFE soils. Available-P status of LTFE soil at initial stage was low in category (<28 Kg P₂O₅ ha^-1) in most of the treatments, after long run (8^th year) it was more decreased except in treatments which were received FYM (T₈ and T₉). Due to application of FYM available status of P₂O₅ in LTFE soil increased up to high category (>56 Kg P₂O₅ ha^-1) from low category. After a span of 8 years most of the fractions of phosphorus depleted negatively i.e. increased in status, but there was also found positive depletion in case of Al-P, Fe-P, Ca-P and available-P, it might be attributed to transformation of phosphorus and plant uptake as an available-P. Application of FYM also prevents depletion in available-P status of soil.

Keywords

AICRP-LTFE Soils, Total Phosphorus, Total Inorganic Phosphorus, Organic Phosphorus, Fractions of the Inorganic-P, Saloid Bound-P, Al-P, Fe-P, Reductant Soluble-P, Occluded-P And Calcium-P.

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A. V. Rajani ¹, D. V. Patil ², J. N. Naria ³, B. M. Butani ⁴, B. A. Golakiya ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Statistics, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
3 Cotton Research Centre, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (M.S.), IN
4 Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
5 Department of Bio Chemistry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN

Abstract

In case of sulphur status of LTFE soils, FYM played a vital role. It maintained availability of sulphur in soils, but more increment after a long run was observed in T₁₁, where P source was SSP which contains 13% S. Total-S content of LTFE soils increased after a span of 8 years, but it was reversed in case of heat soluble-S, that was decreased after 8 years, except in treatments which received FYM and inorganic-P as a SSP (13% S). It was required to apply S fertilization every year and application of FYM for maintaining available status of soils at long run. Water soluble fraction of sulphur declined very much after 8 years of groundnut-wheat cropping sequence as compared to initial status, but it remained stable in treatments T₄ and T₁₁ which received sulphur from outside sources like ZnSO₄ and SSP. Whereas organic-S status of LTFE soils increased after a span of 8 years, it might be due to incorporation of plant residues to the soils from crop ischolar_mains and stubbles. Sulphate-S in LTFE soils increased after 4^th year and then remained stable except in T₂ and T₃ where depletion in this fraction was noticed perhaps due to the interaction with phosphorus. Non-sulphate-S fraction found significantly the highest in the treatments which received sulphur from outside as ZnSO₄ and SSP (T₄ and T₁₁). In case of heat soluble-S, there was overall decrease in soil status after 4^th year as compared to initial status and after word it maintained level with initial status, but in treatments of FYM and SSP it was increased as compared to initial status after 8^th year of experiment. Whereas total-S status of LTFE soil increased after a span of 8 years. The increment was more in treatments which were received sulphur from fertilizer sources i.e. T₄ and T₁₁. It was required to apply S fertilization every year and application of FYM for maintaining available status of soils at long run. Depletion per cent of sulphur noted positive in case of water soluble-S and it was negative or very low in treatments which received sulphur from fertilizers i. e. T₁₁ and T₄. Most of the other fractions of sulphur were not depleted in most of the treatments.

Keywords

AICRP-LTFE Soils, Sulphur Fractions, Total Sulphur, Organic Sulphur, Sulphate Sulphur, Water Soluble Sulphur, Heat Soluble Sulphur, Non-Sulphate Sulphur.

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A. V. Rajani ¹, D. V. Patil ², B. M. Butani ¹, J. N. Naria ³, B. A. Golakiya ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Statistics, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
3 Cotton Research Centre, Unagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
4 Department of Bio Chemistry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN

Abstract

With respect to forms of nitrogen it can be deduced that there was a declined in soil nitrogen levels. Ammonical-N and Nitrate-N status of LTFE soils in general decreased after long run, but it increased in the treatment T₁₀ due to fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by Rhizobium bacteria. Whereas available-N status in treatments which received FYM (T₈ and T₉), marginally increased. At initial stage of experiment (1^st year) available nitrogen status of LTFE soils falls under medium range (250-500 kg N ha^-1), but after 4^th year it decreased to lower range (<250 Kg N ha^-1) in most of the treatments and then after 8^th year all treatments exhibited low range of available nitrogen status in soil, except treatments which received FYM (T₈ and T₉) which showed medium range in available-N status of LTFE soils. It was established here that for maintaining N fertility of soil at long run, addition of FYM is essential with inorganic fertilizers. In LTFE soils the per cent depletion of different forms of nitrogen was interesting under all treatments. The total-N and O. C. showed negative depletion after a span of 8 year and available-N exhibited positive depletion in all treatments.

Keywords

Nitrogen Fraction, Total Nitrogen, Ammonical Nitrogen, Nitrate Nitrogen, O.C., Available Nitrogen, AICRP-LTFE Soils.

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